Reinforcement learning-based (RL-based) energy management strategy (EMS) is considered a promising solution for the energy management of electric vehicles with multiple power sources. It has been shown to outperform conventional methods in energy management problems regarding energy-saving and real-time performance. However, previous studies have not systematically examined the essential elements of RL-based EMS. This paper presents an empirical analysis of RL-based EMS in a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). The empirical analysis is developed in four aspects: algorithm, perception and decision granularity, hyperparameters, and reward function. The results show that the Off-policy algorithm effectively develops a more fuel-efficient solution within the complete driving cycle compared with other algorithms. Improving the perception and decision granularity does not produce a more desirable energy-saving solution but better balances battery power and fuel consumption. The equivalent energy optimization objective based on the instantaneous state of charge (SOC) variation is parameter sensitive and can help RL-EMSs to achieve more efficient energy-cost strategies.

The high emission and low energy efficiency caused by internal combustion engines (ICE) have become unacceptable under environmental regulations and the energy crisis. As a promising alternative solution, multi-power source electric vehicles (MPS-EVs) introduce different clean energy systems to improve powertrain efficiency. The energy management strategy (EMS) is a critical technology for MPS-EVs to maximize efficiency, fuel economy, and range. Reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective methodology for the development of EMS. RL has received continuous attention and research, but there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the design elements of RL-based EMS. To this end, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of the current research on RL-based EMS (RL-EMS) and summarizes the design elements of RL-based EMS. This paper first summarizes the previous applications of RL in EMS from five aspects: algorithm, perception scheme, decision scheme, reward function, and innovative training method. The contribution of advanced algorithms to the training effect is shown, the perception and control schemes in the literature are analyzed in detail, different reward function settings are classified, and innovative training methods with their roles are elaborated. Finally, by comparing the development routes of RL and RL-EMS, this paper identifies the gap between advanced RL solutions and existing RL-EMS. Finally, this paper suggests potential development directions for implementing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in EMS.

图表学习目的旨在将节点内容与图形结构集成以学习节点/图表示。然而，发现许多现有的图形学习方法在具有高异性级别的数据上不能很好地工作，这是不同类标签之间很大比例的边缘。解决这个问题的最新努力集中在改善消息传递机制上。但是，尚不清楚异质性是否确实会损害图神经网络（GNNS）的性能。关键是要展现一个节点与其直接邻居之间的关系，例如它们是异性还是同质性？从这个角度来看，我们在这里研究了杂质表示在披露连接节点之间的关系之前/之后的杂音表示的作用。特别是，我们提出了一个端到端框架，该框架既学习边缘的类型（即异性/同质性），并利用边缘类型的信息来提高图形神经网络的表现力。我们以两种不同的方式实施此框架。具体而言，为了避免通过异质边缘传递的消息，我们可以通过删除边缘分类器鉴定的异性边缘来优化图形结构。另外，可以利用有关异性邻居的存在的信息进行特征学习，因此，设计了一种混合消息传递方法来汇总同质性邻居，并根据边缘分类使异性邻居多样化。广泛的实验表明，在整个同质级别的多个数据集上，通过在多个数据集上提出的框架对GNN的绩效提高了显着提高。

大规模数据集上的视觉语言预训练（VLP）在各种下游任务上表现出了首要性能。对于VLP来说，完整且公平的基准（即包括大规模的预训练数据集和各种下游任务）是必不可少的。尽管有很多具有英语语料库的基准，但使用其他语言（例如中文）为VLP建立丰富的基准是一个关键问题。为此，我们为研究界建立了一个称为零的中国跨模式基准，以比较VLP模型。我们发布两个用于下游任务的预训练数据集和五个微调数据集。旁边，我们提出了一个新的预训练前训练框架，用于跨模式学习。具体而言，我们应用全局对比度预级分别学习图像和文本的各个表示。然后，我们通过图像文本交叉编码器和文本图像交叉编码器以细粒度的排名方式融合表示形式。为了进一步增强模型的能力，我们提出了一种由目标引导的蒸馏和特征引导的蒸馏组成的双向蒸馏策略。对于简洁起见，我们将型号r2d2命名。我们在四个公共跨模式数据集和拟议的五个下游数据集上实现最先进的性能。在Flickr30k-CN，可可-CN和Muge进行零射击任务时，与最平均召回的R2D2进行了2.5亿个数据集的R2D2，在2.5亿个数据集中进行了4.7％，5.4％和6.3％的均值改善，而与最新的召回相比艺术。数据集，模型和代码可在https://github.com/yuxie11/r2d2上找到

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks that would trigger misclassification of DNNs but may be imperceptible to human perception. Adversarial defense has been important ways to improve the robustness of DNNs. Existing attack methods often construct adversarial examples relying on some metrics like the $\ell_p$ distance to perturb samples. However, these metrics can be insufficient to conduct adversarial attacks due to their limited perturbations. In this paper, we propose a new internal Wasserstein distance (IWD) to capture the semantic similarity of two samples, and thus it helps to obtain larger perturbations than currently used metrics such as the $\ell_p$ distance We then apply the internal Wasserstein distance to perform adversarial attack and defense. In particular, we develop a novel attack method relying on IWD to calculate the similarities between an image and its adversarial examples. In this way, we can generate diverse and semantically similar adversarial examples that are more difficult to defend by existing defense methods. Moreover, we devise a new defense method relying on IWD to learn robust models against unseen adversarial examples. We provide both thorough theoretical and empirical evidence to support our methods.

Most semantic communication systems leverage deep learning models to provide end-to-end transmission performance surpassing the established source and channel coding approaches. While, so far, research has mainly focused on architecture and model improvements, but such a model trained over a full dataset and ergodic channel responses is unlikely to be optimal for every test instance. Due to limitations on the model capacity and imperfect optimization and generalization, such learned models will be suboptimal especially when the testing data distribution or channel response is different from that in the training phase, as is likely to be the case in practice. To tackle this, in this paper, we propose a novel semantic communication paradigm by leveraging the deep learning model's overfitting property. Our model can for instance be updated after deployment, which can further lead to substantial gains in terms of the transmission rate-distortion (RD) performance. This new system is named adaptive semantic communication (ASC). In our ASC system, the ingredients of wireless transmitted stream include both the semantic representations of source data and the adapted decoder model parameters. Specifically, we take the overfitting concept to the extreme, proposing a series of ingenious methods to adapt the semantic codec or representations to an individual data or channel state instance. The whole ASC system design is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize the loss function that is a tripartite tradeoff among the data rate, model rate, and distortion terms. The experiments (including user study) verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our ASC system. Notably, the substantial gain of our overfitted coding paradigm can catalyze semantic communication upgrading to a new era.

准确的交通状况预测为车辆环境协调和交通管制任务提供了坚实的基础。由于道路网络数据在空间分布中的复杂性以及深度学习方法的多样性，有效定义流量数据并充分捕获数据中复杂的空间非线性特征变得具有挑战性。本文将两种分层图池方法应用于流量预测任务，以减少图形信息冗余。首先，本文验证了流量预测任务中层次图池方法的有效性。分层图合并方法与其他基线在预测性能上形成鲜明对比。其次，应用了两种主流分层图池方法，节点群集池和节点下降池，用于分析流量预测中的优势和弱点。最后，对于上述图神经网络，本文比较了不同图网络输入对流量预测准确性的预测效应。分析和汇总定义图网络的有效方法。

近年来，在运输电气化方面取得了重大进展。作为主要的储能设备，锂离子电池（LIB）已受到广泛关注。准确地预测健康状况（SOH）不仅可以缓解用户对电池寿命的焦虑，而且还可以为电池管理提供重要信息。本文提出了一种基于视觉变压器（VIT）模型的SOH的预测方法。首先，预定义电压范围的离散充电数据用作输入数据矩阵。然后，电池的循环特征是由VIT捕获的，可以获得可以获得全局特征，并且通过将循环特征与完整连接（FC）层相结合来获得SOH。同时，引入了转移学习（TL），并根据目标任务电池的早期周期数据进一步微调基于源任务电池训练的预测模型，以提供准确的预测。实验表明，与现有的深度学习方法相比，我们的方法可以获得更好的特征表达，从而可以实现更好的预测效果和传递效果。

经典的交流范式专注于准确地通过嘈杂的渠道传输位，而香农理论则对可靠通信速率提供了基本的理论限制。在这种方法中，位平均对待，并且通信系统忽略了这些位传达或如何使用的含义。可以预见的是，对智力和简洁性的未来沟通将发挥主导作用，连接的智能代理的扩散需要对编码传输范式进行根本性的重新思考，以支持地平线上的新通信形态。最近的“语义通信”概念提供了有希望的研究方向。将语义指南注入编码传输设计以实现语义感知通信，这表现出了进一步突破性和可靠性的巨大潜力。本文阐明了语义引导的源和频道编码作为语义通信的传输范式，该传输范式可以利用数据语义的多样性和无线通道多样性，以增强整个系统性能。我们介绍一般的系统体系结构和关键技术，并指出有关此主题的一些开放问题。

流量预测在智能运输系统中交通控制和调度任务的实现中起着重要作用。随着数据源的多元化，合理地使用丰富的流量数据来对流量流中复杂的时空依赖性和非线性特征进行建模是智能运输系统的关键挑战。此外，清楚地评估从不同数据中提取的时空特征的重要性成为一个挑战。提出了双层 - 空间时间特征提取和评估（DL -STFEE）模型。 DL-STFEE的下层是时空特征提取层。流量数据中的空间和时间特征是通过多画图卷积和注意机制提取的，并生成了空间和时间特征的不同组合。 DL-STFEE的上层是时空特征评估层。通过高维自我注意力发项机制产生的注意力评分矩阵，空间特征组合被融合和评估，以便获得不同组合对预测效应的影响。在实际的流量数据集上进行了三组实验，以表明DL-STFEE可以有效地捕获时空特征并评估不同时空特征组合的重要性。